The performance of three-proof fabric deteriorates after repeated washing, primarily due to the combined effects of mechanical friction, water flow impact, and surfactants in detergents during the washing process. These factors disrupt the molecular arrangement of the three-proof finishing agents on the fiber surface, damaging the film-forming structure and significantly reducing its water, oil, and stain resistance. Improving the process to enhance the wash resistance of three-proof fabric requires a comprehensive approach encompassing multiple dimensions, including finishing agent selection, crosslinking agent application, process optimization, post-treatment enhancement, composite function development, equipment upgrades, and quality control.
The selection of finishing agents is fundamental to improving wash resistance. Traditional three-proof finishing agents often rely on film-forming principles to create a protective layer on the fiber surface; however, these films are easily damaged by friction during washing. Modern processes tend to use finishing agents with stable molecular structures and strong fiber bonding, such as fluorinated or silicone-based finishing agents. These agents not only form a dense protective film but also bond tightly to the fiber through chemical bonds, reducing the risk of shedding during washing and thus improving wash resistance.
The application of crosslinking agents is key to enhancing the bonding force between the finishing agent and the fiber. Crosslinking agents form chemical bridges between the finishing agent and the fiber, allowing the finishing agent molecules to adhere more firmly to the fiber surface. By rationally selecting the type of crosslinking agent and adjusting its ratio with the finishing agent, the wash resistance of three-proof finishing can be significantly improved. For example, some wash-resistant crosslinking agents can undergo a crosslinking reaction with the finishing agent during the finishing process, forming a three-dimensional network structure that enhances the abrasion resistance and peel resistance of the finished layer, maintaining good three-proof performance even after multiple washes.
Process optimization is also a crucial step in improving wash resistance. During the finishing process, it is necessary to strictly control the concentration, temperature, pH value of the finishing solution, and the process parameters of padding or spraying to ensure that the finishing agent adheres evenly and fully to the fiber surface. Furthermore, adopting a step-by-step finishing process, such as performing waterproof finishing first and then oil-resistant finishing, can avoid mutual interference between different finishing agents and improve the stability of the finishing effect. Simultaneously, optimizing the drying and baking processes to ensure that the finishing agent and fiber are fully crosslinked and cured, forming a stable protective layer, is also an effective means of improving wash resistance.
Post-treatment strengthening is an important step in consolidating the finishing effect. After washing, heat ironing can rearrange the disordered finishing agent molecules, restoring their oriented structure and partially restoring the three-proof properties. Furthermore, using air-drying finishing agents allows the finishing layer to automatically repair itself during natural drying, reducing the impact of washing on performance. For high-end three-proof fabrics, nanotechnology or super-dampening technology can be used to construct micro-nano-level rough structures on the fiber surface, forming a water- and oil-repellent layer similar to the lotus leaf effect. These structures possess excellent self-cleaning and wash resistance.
Developing composite functions is an effective way to enhance the added value of three-proof fabrics. By combining three-proof finishing with functions such as softness, quick-drying, antibacterial, and anti-pilling, composite fabrics with multiple properties can be developed. These fabrics not only meet consumers' functional needs but also improve the overall performance stability through the synergistic effect between functions. For example, combining three-proof and soft functions can reduce friction during washing, lowering the risk of damage to the finishing layer and indirectly improving wash resistance.
Equipment upgrades and quality control are crucial supports for ensuring process stability. Employing high-precision coating equipment, such as automated spraying or precision rolling mills, ensures uniform application of the finishing agent, reducing performance differences caused by localized over- or under-application. Simultaneously, establishing a rigorous quality control system to monitor the finishing agent concentration, process parameters, and finished product performance in real time allows for timely detection and correction of deviations during production, ensuring that every batch of products meets wash resistance requirements.
